[1]^ Paraphrasing Historian Lewis Gould: It is remotely possible but highly unlikely McKinley said: "educate the Filipinos, and uplift and civilize and Christianize them, and by God’s grace do the very best we could by them, as our fellow-men for whom Christ also died." For an in-depth discussion of this question, see Lewis Gould, The Presidency of William McKinley 1980, pp. 140-142